diff --git a/module-auth/src/main/java/com/ether/pms/auth/service/LoginService.java b/module-auth/src/main/java/com/ether/pms/auth/service/LoginService.java
index 6bf1140..80c09b0 100644
--- a/module-auth/src/main/java/com/ether/pms/auth/service/LoginService.java
+++ b/module-auth/src/main/java/com/ether/pms/auth/service/LoginService.java
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import com.ether.pms.common.BusinessException;
 import com.ether.pms.common.ErrorCode;
 import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
+import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
 
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ public class LoginService {
     private final PasswordService passwordService;
     private final LoginAttemptService loginAttemptService;
     
+    @Transactional
     public Map<String, Object> login(String username, String password, String ip) {
         if (loginAttemptService.isLockedOut(username)) {
             throw new BusinessException(ErrorCode.AUTH_002);
diff --git a/module-auth/src/main/java/com/ether/pms/auth/service/PermissionService.java b/module-auth/src/main/java/com/ether/pms/auth/service/PermissionService.java
index 0eae3ab..1588010 100644
--- a/module-auth/src/main/java/com/ether/pms/auth/service/PermissionService.java
+++ b/module-auth/src/main/java/com/ether/pms/auth/service/PermissionService.java
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package com.ether.pms.auth.service;
 
 import com.ether.pms.auth.entity.Permission;
 import com.ether.pms.auth.repository.PermissionRepository;
+import com.ether.pms.common.BusinessException;
+import com.ether.pms.common.ErrorCode;
 import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
@@ -21,7 +23,7 @@ public class PermissionService {
     
     public Permission findById(UUID id) {
         return permissionRepository.findById(id)
-            .orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("权限不存在"));
+            .orElseThrow(() -> new BusinessException(ErrorCode.PERMISSION_002));
     }
     
     public List<Permission> findByType(String type) {
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ public class PermissionService {
     @Transactional
     public Permission create(Permission permission) {
         if (permissionRepository.existsByCode(permission.getCode())) {
-            throw new RuntimeException("权限编码已存在");
+            throw new BusinessException(ErrorCode.PERMISSION_001);
         }
         return permissionRepository.save(permission);
     }
diff --git a/module-auth/src/main/java/com/ether/pms/auth/service/RoleService.java b/module-auth/src/main/java/com/ether/pms/auth/service/RoleService.java
index d46fcd7..e65152d 100644
--- a/module-auth/src/main/java/com/ether/pms/auth/service/RoleService.java
+++ b/module-auth/src/main/java/com/ether/pms/auth/service/RoleService.java
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import com.ether.pms.auth.entity.Role;
 import com.ether.pms.auth.entity.Permission;
 import com.ether.pms.auth.repository.RoleRepository;
 import com.ether.pms.auth.repository.PermissionRepository;
+import com.ether.pms.common.BusinessException;
+import com.ether.pms.common.ErrorCode;
 import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
@@ -24,12 +26,12 @@ public class RoleService {
     
     public Role findById(UUID id) {
         return roleRepository.findById(id)
-            .orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("角色不存在"));
+            .orElseThrow(() -> new BusinessException(ErrorCode.ROLE_002));
     }
     
     public Role findByCode(String code) {
         return roleRepository.findByCode(code)
-            .orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("角色不存在"));
+            .orElseThrow(() -> new BusinessException(ErrorCode.ROLE_002));
     }
     
     public List<Role> findByProjectId(String projectId) {
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ public class RoleService {
     @Transactional
     public Role create(Role role) {
         if (roleRepository.existsByCode(role.getCode())) {
-            throw new RuntimeException("角色编码已存在");
+            throw new BusinessException(ErrorCode.ROLE_001);
         }
         return roleRepository.save(role);
     }
diff --git a/module-common/src/main/java/com/ether/pms/common/ErrorCode.java b/module-common/src/main/java/com/ether/pms/common/ErrorCode.java
index de5d673..a434fd4 100644
--- a/module-common/src/main/java/com/ether/pms/common/ErrorCode.java
+++ b/module-common/src/main/java/com/ether/pms/common/ErrorCode.java
@@ -24,10 +24,14 @@ public enum ErrorCode {
     ROLE_002(3002, "角色不存在"),
     
     PERMISSION_001(4001, "权限编码已存在"),
+    PERMISSION_002(4002, "权限不存在"),
     
     PROJECT_001(5001, "项目编码已存在"),
     PROJECT_002(5002, "项目不存在"),
     
+    SPACE_001(6001, "空间节点编码已存在"),
+    SPACE_002(6002, "空间节点不存在"),
+    
     SYSTEM_ERROR(9999, "系统错误");
     
     private final int code;
diff --git a/module-mdm/src/main/java/com/ether/pms/mdm/service/ProjectService.java b/module-mdm/src/main/java/com/ether/pms/mdm/service/ProjectService.java
index 6c7aa88..1054dc1 100644
--- a/module-mdm/src/main/java/com/ether/pms/mdm/service/ProjectService.java
+++ b/module-mdm/src/main/java/com/ether/pms/mdm/service/ProjectService.java
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package com.ether.pms.mdm.service;
 
 import com.ether.pms.mdm.entity.Project;
 import com.ether.pms.mdm.repository.ProjectRepository;
+import com.ether.pms.common.BusinessException;
+import com.ether.pms.common.ErrorCode;
 import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
@@ -21,18 +23,18 @@ public class ProjectService {
     
     public Project findById(UUID id) {
         return projectRepository.findById(id)
-            .orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("项目不存在"));
+            .orElseThrow(() -> new BusinessException(ErrorCode.PROJECT_002));
     }
     
     public Project findByCode(String code) {
         return projectRepository.findByCode(code)
-            .orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("项目不存在"));
+            .orElseThrow(() -> new BusinessException(ErrorCode.PROJECT_002));
     }
     
     @Transactional
     public Project create(Project project) {
         if (projectRepository.existsByCode(project.getCode())) {
-            throw new RuntimeException("项目编码已存在");
+            throw new BusinessException(ErrorCode.PROJECT_001);
         }
         return projectRepository.save(project);
     }
diff --git a/module-mdm/src/main/java/com/ether/pms/mdm/service/SpaceNodeService.java b/module-mdm/src/main/java/com/ether/pms/mdm/service/SpaceNodeService.java
index eaa846c..9bfeade 100644
--- a/module-mdm/src/main/java/com/ether/pms/mdm/service/SpaceNodeService.java
+++ b/module-mdm/src/main/java/com/ether/pms/mdm/service/SpaceNodeService.java
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package com.ether.pms.mdm.service;
 
 import com.ether.pms.mdm.entity.SpaceNode;
 import com.ether.pms.mdm.repository.SpaceNodeRepository;
+import com.ether.pms.common.BusinessException;
+import com.ether.pms.common.ErrorCode;
 import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
@@ -21,7 +23,7 @@ public class SpaceNodeService {
     
     public SpaceNode findById(UUID id) {
         return spaceNodeRepository.findById(id)
-            .orElseThrow(() -> new RuntimeException("空间节点不存在"));
+            .orElseThrow(() -> new BusinessException(ErrorCode.SPACE_002));
     }
     
     public List<SpaceNode> findByProject(String projectCode) {
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ public class SpaceNodeService {
     @Transactional
     public SpaceNode create(SpaceNode spaceNode) {
         if (spaceNodeRepository.existsByCode(spaceNode.getCode())) {
-            throw new RuntimeException("空间节点编码已存在");
+            throw new BusinessException(ErrorCode.SPACE_001);
         }
         return spaceNodeRepository.save(spaceNode);
     }